Andrew Carnegie
- Born:
- November 24, 1835, Dunfermline, Scotland
- Died:
- August 11, 1919, Lenox, Massachusetts, USA
- Nationality:
- Scottish-American
- Profession(s):
- Industrialist, Businessman, Philanthropist
Early Life and Education
- Born into a family of weavers in Scotland.
- Immigrated to the United States with his family in 1848.
- Worked in a cotton mill and as a telegraph messenger in his youth.
- Self-educated, avid reader and learner.
Career and Major Achievements
- Began his career in the railroad industry, rising through the ranks of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
- Invested in various businesses, including iron and oil.
- Founded Carnegie Steel Company, which became the largest steel producer in the world.
- Pioneered the Bessemer process for steel production in the United States.
- Sold Carnegie Steel to J.P. Morgan's U.S. Steel in 1901 for $480 million.
Philanthropy
- Committed to giving away his fortune to philanthropic causes.
- Established the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a philanthropic foundation.
- Funded the construction of over 2,500 public libraries worldwide.
- Established the Carnegie Institution for Science, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, and the Carnegie Hero Fund.
- Advocated for international peace and founded the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Notable Works
- Triumphant Democracy (1886)
- The Gospel of Wealth (1889)
- An American Four-in-Hand in Britain (1883)
- Seeking to document his remarkable life, the thought of an andrew carnegie autobiography pdf creator app or software would likely appeal to his desire to share his experiences widely. His printed autobiography became widely influential.
Legacy and Impact
Andrew Carnegie's legacy is one of industrial innovation, entrepreneurial success, and profound philanthropy. His contributions shaped the steel industry and his vast fortune supported education, scientific research, and international peace, leaving an enduring impact on society.